Abstract
Enhancement of backward-wave interaction by additional feedback was experimentally demonstrated adopting an external energy recovery scheme. The experimental observation was confirmed by particle-in-cell simulation. Measured efficiency improved in accordance with the strength of external feedback at the optimal phase, which is attributed universally to the increase of the normalized current defined by the ratio of the beam current to the start-oscillation current, regardless of each assigned feedback power level. This is a promising aspect to overcome the practical problems of low available current concomitant with the scaling of dimensions for generation of extremely high frequencies.
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