Enhancement of anti-inflammatory effects of calcium channel blockers by allopurinol and dimethylsulphoxide

Abstract

The effects of the calcium channel blockers, nifedipine, verapamil and flunarizine, and the antioxidants, allopurinol and dimethylsulphoxide, were investigated on carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and changes in vascular permeability. Paw volume was measured by using a plethysmometer and vascular permeability was quantified by measuring the extravasated Evans blue dye 3 h after injecting the phlogistic agent. Intraperitoneal administration of nifedipine (1,2 and 4 mg/kg), verapamil (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), flunarizine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), allopurinol (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg) and dimethylsulphoxide (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) 30 min before carrageenan, dose dependently inhibited oedema formation and increased vascular permeability. Co-administration of the lowest doses of calcium channel blockers with the lowest doses of antioxidants produced synergistic inhibitory effects. These results indicate that both calcium influx and oxygen-derived free radicals are involved in carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses. Thus, the synergistic effects of their combination may be due to the blockade of calcium entry and reduction in the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals.