Abstract
GdMn1−xHfxO3 nanoceramics were synthesized by sol–gel method to investigate the regulation of the vacancy defects and Mn valence state on the magnetic properties of GdMn1−xHfxO3 nanoceramics. XRD and Raman analysis indicated that GdMn1−xHfxO3 nanoceramics with single-phase structure were synthesized by sol–gel method; Hf4+ ions had replaced the Mn ions in GdMnO3 and resulted in lattice deformation. SEM measurements verified that all GdMn1−xHfxO3 nanoceramics had nanoscale particle sizes. XPS analysis indicated that Hf4+ substitution could tune the Mn valence state and oxygen vacancy concentration. The results of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy revealed that cation vacancies concentration in the interface region could be effectively tailored by Hf4+ substitution. The magnetic measurements indicated that appropriate Hf4+ substitution could enhance the magnetic transition temperatures and magnetization of GdMnO3 samples, which could be mainly attributed to the cation vacancies concentration in the interface region and Mn valence state.
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