Abstract
This study considered the impacts of diesel–soybean biodiesel blends mixed with 3% cerium coated zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) nanoparticles on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel blends were prepared using 25% soybean biodiesel in diesel (SBME25). Ce-ZnO nanoparticle additives were blended with SBME25 at 25, 50, and 75 ppm using the ultrasonication process with a surfactant (Span 80) at 2 vol.% to enhance the stability of the blend. A variable compression ratio engine operated at a 19.5:1 compression ratio (CR) using these blends resulted in an improvement in overall engine characteristics. With 50 ppm Ce-ZnO nanoparticle additive in SBME25 (SBME25Ce-ZnO50), the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and heat release rate (HRR) increased by 20.66% and 18.1%, respectively; brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 21.81%; and the CO, smoke, and hydrocarbon (HC) decreased by 30%, 18.7%, and 21.5%, respectively, compared to SBME25 fuel operation. However, the oxides of nitrogen slightly rose for all the nanoparticle added blends. As such, 50 ppm of Ce-ZnO nanoparticle in the blend is a potent choice for the enhancement of engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics.
Highlights
The ever increasing demand for fossil fuels in the transport and industrial segments have led to their rapid exhaustion [1,2].This has resulted in increased environmental pollution, which has created a severe concern owing to numerous human health issues [3]
The performance characteristics, such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC); emission characteristics such as HC, NOx, smoke, and CO; and combustion characteristics, such as heat release rate (HRR) and ID are evaluated for nano fuel blends at constant speed of 1500 rpm, IT of 23.5◦ BTDC, injection pressure (IP) of 220 bar, and compression ratio (CR) of 19.5
Debye–Scherer formula calculated the average size of 3% coated zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) in crystallite
Summary
The ever increasing demand for fossil fuels in the transport and industrial segments have led to their rapid exhaustion [1,2].This has resulted in increased environmental pollution, which has created a severe concern owing to numerous human health issues [3]. This has led to research on potential alternative fuels such as biodiesel. Current research focuses on the significance of fuel modification techniques through the use of additives for attaining improved engine performance and reduced emission characteristics
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