Abstract
Cell balancing performance is an important factor in determining the operational efficiency of the active cell balancing circuit. Thus, this study approached this need by developing an enhanced switching pattern. The circuit is designed to transfer energy between arbitrary source and target cells. It has been operated in flyback and buck-boost modes according to the position of the source and target cells. In this circuit, the coupling coefficient of the transformer considerably affects the balancing performance of the flyback operation. The energy transferred to the non-target cell is increased by the low-coupling coefficient due to the leakage inductance. Therefore, the high energy transfer ratio cannot be achieved using conventional switching patterns. In this paper, a new flyback switching pattern is proposed, which can minimize the effect of the coupling coefficient in the cell balancing operation. The proposed switching pattern uses the cells which do not participate in the balancing process to control the voltage applied to each winding, which results in a high energy transfer ratio irrespective of the coupling coefficient. In addition, an enhanced operating method has been proposed to improve the cell balancing speed by reducing the energy transfer path in specific cell conditions. The performance of the proposed switching pattern was verified in a 15 W cell balancing circuit.
Highlights
The paradigm of the automobile industry is changing due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission restrictions and environmental regulations
A balancing circuit proposed in [18] is affiliated to the cell-to-cell shared method and a multi-winding transformer is used as the energy storage element
The conventional flyback operation is strongly affected by the coupling coefficient
Summary
The paradigm of the automobile industry is changing due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission restrictions and environmental regulations. The first type is a module-to-cell method that uses the isolated dc/dc converter to transfer the energy stored in the module to a specific cell This method has advantages of high efficiency and fast balancing speed. VOLUME 8, 2020 method can directly transfer the energy between adjacent and non-adjacent cells It has a single energy storage element that can be shared by every cell so that a smaller number of passive elements is required. A balancing circuit proposed in [18] is affiliated to the cell-to-cell shared method and a multi-winding transformer is used as the energy storage element. Two semiconductor switches per each cell are required to control the connection between each cell and the multi-winding transformer This structure makes the volume of the circuit increase significantly as the number of cells increases. The proposed switching and operating methods will be verified by the cell balancing experiments with a 15 W prototype cell balancing circuit
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