Abstract
The birnessite type manganese dioxide electrode was prepared by the electrochemical stimulation as we recently described. It showed 190 F g −1 in a Na 2SO 4 aqueous solution between −0.1 and 0.9 V versus Ag/AgCl at 1 A g −1. The specific capacitance of birnessite was decreased by the manganese dissolution when the reduction and oxidation were repeated. By adding small amounts of Na 2HPO 4 or NaHCO 3 into the electrolyte, the capacitance increased to 200–230 F g −1 and the manganese dissolution was successfully suppressed. Thanks to the additives, the birnessite demonstrated the much improved cycleability over >1800 cycles.
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