Abstract
We used inherently conducting polyaniline as a core to develop a type of poly(ionic liquid)s-capsulated polyaniline composite particles in order to both overcome the surface charged character of pure poly(ionic liquid)s particles prepared by post ion-exchange procedure, and enhance electrorheological (ER) effect. The structure was characterized by different techniques and the electrorheological suspension was prepared by dispersing the composite particles in silicone oil. Under electric fields, the electrorheological properties of the suspensions of poly(ionic liquid)s-capsulated polyaniline composite particles were measured and compared with their single forms. It is demonstrated that the composite particles have distinctly enhanced electrorheological effect compared with the pure poly(ionic liquid)s and polyaniline particles under electric stimuli. At 4 kV/mm of electric field, the yield stress of the suspension of poly(ionic liquid)s-capsulated polyaniline composite particles in silicone oil is about 2.3 kPa, which is twice as high as 1.2 kPa stress of the suspension of poly(ionic liquid) particles and 2.5 times as high as 0.9 kPa stress of the suspension of polyaniline particles. By using dielectric spectroscopy, microscopic observation, and oscillation rheology, we studied the origin of this enhanced electrorheological effect. The results indicated that wrapping polyaniline into poly(ionic liquid)s could partly suppress the positively charged surface state of poly(ionic liquid)s particles prepared by post ion-exchange procedure and improve the column-like electrorheological structure. This suppression should be responsible for the enhanced electrorheological effect of poly(ionic liquid)s-capsulated polyaniline composite particles.
Highlights
Smart materials have attracted much attention because they can produce an adaptive response to external stimuli [1,2]
We used inherently conducting polyaniline as a core to develop a type of poly(ionic liquid)s-capsulated polyaniline (PIL-c-PANI) composite particles in order to overcome the surface charged character of pure PIL particles prepared by post ion-exchange procedure and enhance ER effect
Microscopic observation, and oscillation rheology, we studied the origin of enhanced electrorheological effect
Summary
Smart materials have attracted much attention because they can produce an adaptive response to external stimuli [1,2]. Polyelectrolyte is most frequency studied due to its low cost, facile preparation, and high ER effect Some classic polyelectrolytes, such as poly(sodium styrene sulfonate), poly(lithium methacrylate), and so on [19] have been used as the dispersed phase of ER suspension. The classic polyelectrolyte materials belong to extrinsic ER systems, and are inevitably subjected to the electrical and thermal problems mentioned above To overcome these problems, a novel anhydrous polyelectrolyte-based ER system based on poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) has been developed recently [20]. We used inherently conducting polyaniline as a core to develop a type of poly(ionic liquid)s-capsulated polyaniline (PIL-c-PANI) composite particles in order to overcome the surface charged character of pure PIL particles prepared by post ion-exchange procedure and enhance ER effect. The results indicated that wrapping PANI into PILs could suppress the positively charged nature of present polycation-type PIL particles and improve the column-like ER structure, and this should be responsible for the enhanced ER effect of PIL-c-PANI particles
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