Enhanced Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation by Bioactive Glass Functionalized Graphene Oxide Substrates

Xiaoju Mo,Xing Liu,Zhewen Hu,Qing Cai,Xuehui Zhang,Yang Shen,Yun Liu,Yan Wei,Song Meng,Xiaohan Dai,Xuliang Deng

doi:10.1155/2016/5613980

Xiaoju Mo, Xing Liu + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5613980

Copy DOI

Abstract

An unmet need in engineered bone regeneration is to develop scaffolds capable of manipulating stem cells osteogenesis. Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications. However, it remains challenging to functionalize GO as ideal platform for specifically directing stem cell osteogenesis. Herein, we report facile functionalization of GO with dopamine and subsequent bioactive glass (BG) to enhance stem cell adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation. On the basis of graphene, we obtained dopamine functionalized graphene oxide/bioactive glass (DGO/BG) hybrid scaffolds containing different content of DGO by loading BG nanoparticles on graphene oxide surface using sol-gel method. To enhance the dispersion stability and facilitate subsequent nucleation of BG in GO, firstly, dopamine (DA) was used to modify GO. Then, the modified GO was functionalized with bioactive glass (BG) using sol-gel method. The adhesion, spreading, and osteoinductive effects of DGO/BG scaffold on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were evaluated. DGO/BG hybrid scaffolds with different content of DGO could influence rBMSCs’ behavior. The highest expression level of osteogenic markers suggests that the DGO/BG hybrid scaffolds have great potential or elicit desired bone reparative outcome.

Highlights

Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional monolayer of carbon atoms intimately packed into a honeycomb lattice, has shown great promise for biomedical applications [1, 2], such as cell imaging [3], drug delivery [4, 5], and biomedical device [5, 6]
From evaluation of the biocompatibility of Dopamine functionalized Graphene oxide (DGO)/bioactive glass (BG), we found that dopamine functionalized graphene oxide/bioactive glass (DGO/BG) hybrid scaffolds containing different content of DGO could enhance rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs)’ adhesion, spreading, and differentiation
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that unique homogeneous nanospheric topography could be achieved on GO by controlling the DGO/BG molar ratio and reaction temperature

Summary

Introduction

Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional monolayer of carbon atoms intimately packed into a honeycomb lattice, has shown great promise for biomedical applications [1, 2], such as cell imaging [3], drug delivery [4, 5], and biomedical device [5, 6]. Due to its unique nanostructures, remarkable mechanical properties, and large surface area [7,8,9], GO has gained tremendous attentions as a new nanoplatform for stem cell culture. GO substrates could promote adipogenic differentiation of MSCs because of their high affinity to insulin [10]. Kim et al demonstrated that GO substrates provide a suitable environment for ASCs adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation with presence of osteogenic chemical inducers [11, 12]. Recent work demonstrated that GO can act as both an effective reinforcement and a bioactivator of biopolymers such as gelatin [13] and chitosan [14], offering the biopolymer-GO composites the possibility to manipulate bone cells behavior. In terms of stem cells osteogenesis, it remains

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion