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Abstract
The relative influence of the capillary, Marangoni, and hydrophobic forces in mediating the evaporation of water from carbon foam based porous media, in response to incident solar radiation, are investigated. It is indicated that inducing hydrophilic interactions on the surface, through nitric acid treatment of the foams, has a similar effect to reduced pore diameter and the ensuing capillary forces. The efficiency of water evaporation may be parameterized through the Capillary number (Ca), with a lower Ca being preferred. The proposed study is of much relevance to efficient solar energy utilization.
Highlights
The relative influence of the capillary, Marangoni, and hydrophobic forces in mediating the evaporation of water from carbon foam based porous media, in response to incident solar radiation, are investigated
The experiments: Fig. 1(a), related to probing such characteristics were carried out using carbon foam based porous media, with varying pore sizes, albeit at a fixed porosity of 97%
We report on the results of particular samples with 45 PPI, 60 PPI (d ∼ 422 μm), 80 PPI (d ∼ 288 μm), and 100 PPI (d ∼ 253 μm) with a typical distribution of the pore sizes: Fig. 1(b) and inset
Summary
The relative influence of the capillary, Marangoni, and hydrophobic forces in mediating the evaporation of water from carbon foam based porous media, in response to incident solar radiation, are investigated. It is relevant to note that due to the (i) variation with temperature along the pore, and (ii) relatively small depth (related to the thickness of the carbon foam) over which water flow occurs, that the surface tension driven convection (Marangoni effect) may need to be considered.
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