Enhanced self-healing driving force in polymer materials by regulating molecular structure

Abstract

For self-healing polymers, obtaining excellent healing ability and mechanical properties usually need complex chemical structure, external healing conditions, and high manufacturing difficulty. Therefore, self-healing efficiency and rate, mechanical strength, and simple structure design as well as no additional healing conditions of the material are contradictory properties and are difficult to optimize simultaneously. Herein, self-healable thermoplastic poly (urethane urea) elastomers driven by surface energy were fabricated by the introduction of asymmetric alicyclic structures and the healing properties in polymers were optimized by regulating surface energy. The results showed that with the increasing of isophorone diamine contents, the surface energy driving force increased from 36 kPa to 149 kPa, the healing time decreased from 30d to 5d, and healing efficiency, and tensile strength reached 100.9% and 4.04 MPa at room temperature. At the same time, polymers also obtained a high healing efficiency under high-temperature healing conditions. The healing mechanism is that asymmetric alicyclic structures with steric hindrance and ring flip promote the dissociation of hydrogen bonds, provide sufficient chain mobility, decrease the junction density, and improve the surface energy as well as the dissociation and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds. Energetic polymer composites using thermoplastic poly (urethane urea) elastomers as matrix obtained excellent healing properties. This study will offer a novel healing approach for developing advanced self-healing polymer materials.