Enhanced room-temperature electrocaloric effect in Mn + Y co-doped Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 ceramics under low electric field

Abstract

The electrocaloric effect was investigated in 0.7 mol% Mn and x mol% Y co-doped Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 (BSTMY, x = 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4) ceramics synthesized using citrate–nitrate combustion derived powders. The electrocaloric effect was calculated using the Maxwell relation based on the P–E hystersis loops. The densification and electrocaloric effect can be improved by Mn + Y co-doping and citrate–nitrate combustion processes. The maximum electrocaloric temperature change (∆T) of 0.80 K (under electric field ∆E = 28 kV cm−1) and large electrocaloric responsivity (∆T/∆E) of 0.286 × 10−6 K m V−1 are obtained in BSTMY ceramic at x = 1.8 at room temperature.