Abstract
Ricinoleic acid (RA) is an important raw material for plasticizers, emulsifiers, and nanomaterials. In this work, a green and efficient method was developed for RA production. Results showed that Lipozyme TLIM can be used as a novel biocatalyst to catalyze the hydrolysis of castor oil (CO) for RA preparation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate and optimize the effects of reaction variables on the hydrolysis of CO. Reaction conditions were optimized as follows: 41.3 °C, enzyme load 8.9%, 39.2 h, and 40:1 molar ratio of water to oil. Under these optimized reaction variables, the maximum hydrolysis ratio of CO (96.2 ± 1.5%) was obtained. The effect of hydrolysis variables on the reaction was as follows: enzyme load > hydrolysis time > temperature. In conclusion, this is a green, simple, and efficient method for RA preparation and can provide a good alternative method for RA industrial production.
Highlights
Ricinoleic acid (RA), known as cis-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid, is the only industrial fatty acid containing a hydroxy group in nature [1] and can be used as raw material for skin care products, plasticizers, emulsifiers, lubricants, and nanomaterials [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
RA was produced by the hydrolysis of Castor oil (CO), and acids, bases, and enzymes were used as catalysts
CO (>70%) were obtained after 48 h using Lipozyme TLIM and Porcine pancreas lipase as biocatalysts hydrolysis ratios of CO (>70%) were obtained after 48 h using Lipozyme TLIM and Porcine (Figure 2). These results are attributed to the better hydrolysis activities for triacylglycerol of Lipozyme pancreas lipase as biocatalysts (Figure 2)
Summary
Ricinoleic acid (RA), known as cis-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid, is the only industrial fatty acid containing a hydroxy group in nature [1] and can be used as raw material for skin care products, plasticizers, emulsifiers, lubricants, and nanomaterials [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. RA is the main fatty acid of CO, and the content of RA is ~90% in CO [10,11,12]. RA was produced by the hydrolysis of CO, and acids, bases, and enzymes were used as catalysts. When acid and base were used as catalysts, estolide byproducts formed by condensation between the hydroxyl and the carboxyl in RA [15]. RA products with bad odor and color were often obtained using high temperatures and chemical catalysts [14]. These factors made enzymes more suitable for RA preparation by the hydrolysis of CO
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