Abstract
The adsorption behaviour of copper(II) ions in acidic streams using different polymeric adsorbents (Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220, Lewatit MonoPlus SR 7, Lewatit AF 5, Purolite A 830, Purolite S 984, Purolite A 400 TL, Dowex PSR 2, Dowex PSR 3) was studied, and the results were compared. The adsorbents were characterized by determination of the point of zero charge and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method. The kinetic (effects of phases contact time) and equilibrium (effect of initial Cu(II) concentration) studies were also carried out. The effects of hydrochloric and nitric(V) acids on adsorption behaviour of Cu(II) were examined. The FTIR spectra after the Cu(II) adsorption were also obtained, and the mechanism of Cu(II) sorption was proposed. Of eight adsorbents, the best one was chosen and applied in further studies (column adsorption, column and batch desorption, reuse of adsorbent in cycles of sorption–desorption, selectivity in two-component solutions Pd(II)–Cu(II)). Cu(II) sorption efficiency was the highest using Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220. Its sorption is well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isotherm model. Ion exchangers show also high affinity for noble metals, especially for gold(III): Au(III) > Pd(II) > Pt(IV) (the column test) from single- and two- or three-component solutions (the batch test).Graphic abstract
Highlights
IntroductionCopper is metal of unique and beneficial properties (mechanical, physical and chemical ones), and it is highly valued in the world today [1]
Copper is metal of unique and beneficial properties, and it is highly valued in the world today [1]
Lewatit MonoPlus TP 220 shows the highest affinity for Cu(II) ions compared to the other ion exchangers under discussion in all examined HCl and HCl–HNO3 systems
Summary
Copper is metal of unique and beneficial properties (mechanical, physical and chemical ones), and it is highly valued in the world today [1]. Due to numerous uses of copper, various wastewaters containing this metal are produced during the metallurgical treatment of copper concentrates, during copper refining, electrolyte regeneration steps and from sulphuric acid, zinc and noble metal plants, etc. Such wastewaters are characterized by high concentration of acids and they usually contain copper and other heavy metal ions such as nickel, cobalt, zinc, lead, iron, etc. Copper content in such wastewaters is usually lower than 1000 mg/L, and according to the World Health
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