Abstract
In this study, a white rot fungus Antrodia was newly isolated and named P5. Then its dye biodegradation ability was investigated. Our results showed that P5 could effectively degrade 1,000 mg/L Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) in 24 h with 95% decolorization under shaking conditions. It could tolerate a high dye concentration of 2,500 mg/L as well as 10% salt concentration and a wide range of pH values (4–9). Herbal extraction residues (HER) were screened as additional medium elements for P5 biodegradation. Following the addition of Fructus Gardeniae (FG) extraction residue, the biodegradation performance of P5 was significantly enhanced, achieving 92% decolorization in 12 h. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of multiple peroxidase genes was simultaneously increased: Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase, Laccase, and Dye Decolorization Peroxidase. The maximum increase in Lignin Peroxidase reached 10.22-fold in the presence of FG. The results of UV scanning and LC-HRMS showed that with the synergistic effect of FG, P5 could remarkably accelerate the biodegradation process of RB4 intermediates. Moreover, the fungal treatment with FG also promoted the abatement of RB4 toxicity. In sum, white rot fungus and herbal extraction residue were combined and used in the treatment of anthraquinone dye. This could be applied in practical contexts to realize an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for industrial dye wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Synthetic reactive dyes are one of the most consumed chemicals in various industries such as textiles, leathers, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics (Varjani et al, 2020)
The colony of strain P5 was round and the mycelium was white and strong; there was no obvious pigment produced on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plate (Figures 1A,B)
The color removal percentages of the five dyes were all above 80% under 4 days’ biodegradation (Figure 1D), which indicated that P5 has strong decolorization potency on a wide range of industrial dyes
Summary
Synthetic reactive dyes are one of the most consumed chemicals in various industries such as textiles, leathers, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics (Varjani et al, 2020). Most of the synthetic dyes are untreated and discharged into water bodies. The amount of discharge of untreated dyes is substantial and seriously threatens ecosystems and human health. Anthraquinone dyes are the second largest group after azo dyes and are widely used in commercial and industrial applications (Sugano et al, 2009; Becelic-Tomin et al, 2014). Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) is one of the representative anthraquinone dyes widely used in the textile industry, which is hazardous to the ecological environment, and mutagenic to human cells (Binupriya et al, 2010). There is an urgent need for eco-friendly treatment of industrial anthraquinone dyes prior to their discharge into the environment
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