Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) modulate the function of proteins and regulate most aspects of cellular functions. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of PTMs present comprehensive insights into biological regulation at the protein level, which is indispensable but challenging. Owing to its high sensitivity and specificity, enhanced Raman spectroscopy (ERS) has attracted increasing interest in the analysis of PTMs. In this review, we focus on resonance, surface-enhanced, and tip-enhanced Raman scattering-based techniques for the identification of versatile PTMs. Direct and indirect strategies for site-specific protein modifications are introduced, and the strengths and shortcomings of related approaches are outlined. Moreover, studies on monitoring PTM enzyme activity are discussed. Finally, we highlight current challenges and perspectives in detecting PTMs based on ERS. This review provides both theoretical and experimental references for researchers who devote efforts to the fast-growing research on ERS-based investigations of PTMs.
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