Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were widely used in X-ray imaging and radiation therapy due to strong photoelectric effects and secondary electrons under high energy irradiation. As liver cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, the use of GNPs could enhance liver cancer radiotherapy. We synthesized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated GNPs of two different sizes by chemical reduction reaction. Blood stability, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and radiation therapy were investigated. A 3–5 nm red shift of SPR caused by interactions between PEG-coated GNPs and plasma indicated their good stability. Cellular uptake assay showed that PEG-coated GNPs would enhance an appreciable uptake. GNPs preferred to combine with blood proteins, and thus induced the formation of 30–50 nm Au-protein corona. GNPs were endocytosed by cytoplasmic vesicles, localized in intracellular region, and presented concentration dependent cell viability. Clonogenic assay illustrated that the PEG-coated GNPs could sensitize two liver cancer cell lines to irradiation.
Highlights
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have attracted wide attention in biomedicine [1,2,3,4,5,6]
polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were obtained through mixing PEG-SH with GNPs and stabilized by sodium citrate
We studied the radiation enhancement effects in liver cancer cell lines by using
Summary
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have attracted wide attention in biomedicine [1,2,3,4,5,6] Owing to their unique optical and electric properties, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been wildly used in diverse research areas in recent years [7,8,9,10]. Their advantages in size-dependent surface plasmon resonance (SPR), strong X-ray absorption, and easy-surface functionalization make GNPs useful in biosensors, radiation therapy and photothermal therapy [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. 3.5 nm GNPs containing lysine or poly(L-lysine) were reported to be biocompatible and had no nonimmunogenic effects [34,35], while GNPs coated
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