Abstract
The dependence of quantum efficiency on a high electric field was investigated using a tungsten needle photocathode irradiated by a 3rd-harmonics Nd:YAG laser whose photon energies were lower than the work function of tungsten. The tungsten needles were fabricated by an electrolytic etching technique. The tip radii could be controlled between 0.1 and 1 µm by changing the etching conditions. The obtained quantum efficiency of the needle tip is found to be proportional to the >10th power of the electric over 500 MV/m, and it reached up to 3% at about 800 MV/m. This observed field-enhancement of quantum efficiency is qualitatively explained with a field-emission process including the Schottky effect and photo-excitation.
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