Abstract
Broadcasting the multi-frequency signals is one of the outstanding advantages of BDS-3 (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System). In addition to the legacy signals B1I and B3I, we are interested in the performance of two new signals B1C and B2a. For the purpose of improving the orbit accuracy of BDS-3 backbone MEOs (Medium Earth Orbits), this study focuses on Precise Orbit Determination (POD) using B1C/B2a dual-frequency measurements. First, the performance of POD will be benefit from an increasing observation quantity and qualities. Observations from the public MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment) network are statistically collected, and the number of stations able to track B1C and B2a signals is analyzed. In recent years, the sustainable growth number of stations is up to more than one hundred, which brings the new chance to improve the POD accuracy based on B1C/B2a linear combination. Then, the multipath and post-fit residuals of observations are compared between B1C/B2a and B1I/B3I to investigate the observation qualities. Second, as a key strategy, the ambiguities are successfully fixed during POD processing of BDS-3 MEOs. The ambiguity fixing percentage is as high as 93.1% on average using B1C/B2a combination. Compared with float solutions, the improvements of ambiguity fixed orbits reach 36.2%, 19.9% and 36.6% on the radial, along-track and cross-track components, respectively. For the fixed solutions of B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a, it is noticed that the orbits achieve further benefits from B1C/B2a combination for 8.4%, 6.9% and 8.0% on the radial, along-track and cross-track components, respectively. Finally, the performance of B1C/B2a combination POD is validated by orbital overlapping, the orbit signal-in-space range error (SISRE) analysis, independent technology Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP), respectively. SLR residuals show the radial orbital accuracy has an improvement of 8.0% for C20, C21, C29 and C30 on average when employing B1C/B2a measurements. Compared with B1I/B3I, both static and kinematic PPP based on B1C/B2a orbits indicate the improvement on the vertical component. And a faster and more stable convergence performance is also observed using B1C/B2a combination.
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