Enhanced plasmonic photocatalysis by SiO2@Bi microspheres with hot-electron transportation channels via Bi–O–Si linkages

Abstract

The semimetal Bi has received increasing interest as an alternative to noble metals for use in plasmonic photocatalysis. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of metallic Bi, Bi microspheres modified by SiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated by a facile method. Bi–O–Si bonds were formed between Bi and SiO2, and acted as a transportation channel for hot electrons. The SiO2@Bi microspheres exhibited an enhanced plasmon-mediated photocatalytic activity for the removal of NO in air under 280 nm light irradiation, as a result of the enlarged specific surface areas and the promotion of electron transfer via the Bi–O–Si bonds. The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of NO by SiO2@Bi was revealed with electron spin resonance and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy experiments, and involved the chain reaction NO → NO2 → NO3− with •OH and •O2− radicals as the main reactive species. The present work could provide new insights into the in-depth mechanistic understanding of Bi plasmonic photocatalysis and the design of high–performance Bi-based photocatalysts.