Abstract
Vertically aligned titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes were synthesized by electrochemical anodic oxidation in an electrolyte solution containing 0.45 wt% ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and 2 vol% deionized water at constant potential (70 V) for various anodization time at the room temperature. The influence of the anodization time on the morphology and optical properties of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the anodic TiO2 nanotube morphology extremely depends on the anodization time. It was observed that by increasing anodization time, length of the anodic TiO2 nanotubes increased and nanotubes destroyed at the top of the tubes. After a long time of anodization process (9 h), nanotubes completely destroyed. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the anodic TiO2 nanotube band gap energy depends on the anodic TiO2 nanotube morphology. The anodic TiO2 nanotubes without any damage had a minimum band gap energy (2.9 eV).
Highlights
In the past decades, TiO2 nanotubes have been widely investigated due to their high interest in various applications like biomedical fields [1], photovoltaic cells [2], photocatalysts [3, 4], solar cells [5,6,7] and electrochromic devices [8]
Anodic TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized by anodization method at different anodization time
Anodization time significantly affected the morphology of the nanotubes
Summary
TiO2 nanotubes have been widely investigated due to their high interest in various applications like biomedical fields [1], photovoltaic cells [2], photocatalysts [3, 4], solar cells [5,6,7] and electrochromic devices [8]. TiO2 nanotubes could be fabricated using numerous physical or chemical methods including sol–gel [16], electrochemical anodization [17], template [18], hydrothermal [19, 20], micro-wave irradiation [21], alkaline [22] and sonoelectrochemical [23] methods. Among these methods, electrochemical anodization is the prominent approach to prepare TiO2 nanotubes. The aim of this work is to investigate effect of the anodization time on the morphology and physical properties of anodic TiO2 nanotubes using FESEM, XRD and PL analyses and find the optimum anodization time.
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