Abstract
In this study, bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) templates were synthesized through the molten salt method in Na2CO3 and K2CO3 fluxes. The prepared Bi4Ti3O12 templates possessed plate-like morphologies with lengths of 5–20 μm and widths of 0.5–1 μm. They can be used to improve the electrical properties of Bi0.5 (Na0.4K0.1)TiO3 lead-free ceramics by employing template grain growth method at different sintering temperatures (950–1150 °C). The effect of sintering temperature on the physical properties of the 0.9[Bi0.5(Na0.4K0.1)TiO3]-0.1[Bi4Ti3O12] (BNKT-BT) ceramics was investigated and it was found that the degree of orientation of the synthesized ceramics increased along with the sintering temperature, and the highest values were achieved at 1050 οC. However, at 1150 οC, the values for both ceramics started to decrease due to the formation of the Bi2Ti2O7 pyrochlore phase. The ceramics sintered at an optimum temperature of 1050 οC exhibited the best physical properties such as density (ρ), 6.0 g cm−3 (relative density 99.8% of the theoretical value); remanent polarization (Pr), 15.5 μC cm−2; coercive field (Ec), 24.5 Kv/cm; and highest dielectric constant (emax), 6080.
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