Abstract
In this study, we improved the photovoltaic (PV) properties and storage stabilities of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by employing bathocuproine (BCP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and BCP/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as hole-blocking and electron-transporting interfacial layers. The architecture of the PVSCs was indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/MAPbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/BCP based interfacial layer/Ag. The presence of PMMA and PVP affected the morphological stability of the BCP and MAPbI3 layers. The storage-stability of the BCP/PMMA-based PVSCs was enhanced significantly relative to that of the corresponding unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Moreover, the PV performance of the BCP/PVP-based PVSCs was enhanced when compared with that of the unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Thus, incorporating hydrophobic polymers into BCP-based hole-blocking/electron-transporting interfacial layers can improve the PV performance and storage stability of PVSCs.
Highlights
Organometal halide perovskites, methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) and methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3, MAPbBr3), are highly suitable for use in solar cells because of their excellent photovoltaic (PV) properties (large absorption coefficients in the Vis to near-infrared (NIR) region, long diffusion lengths of charge carriers, excellent charge mobility, and high photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs)) [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Habisreutinger et al found that depositing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on top of a P3HT/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nanohybrid–based HTL filled the voids within the P3HT/SWNT nanohybrid and blocked the contact of the Ag-based cathode with the MAPbI3 layer; incorporating the PMMA layer enhanced the shunt resistance, open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) of the Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), while inhibiting the permeation of moisture into the MAPbI3 layer and increasing the storage stability [32]
We found that the BCP/PMMA and BCP/PVP interfacial layers enhanced the PV properties, the PCEs, and the storage stabilities of their MAPbI3-based PVSCs
Summary
Organometal halide perovskites, methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) and methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3, MAPbBr3), are highly suitable for use in solar cells because of their excellent photovoltaic (PV) properties (large absorption coefficients in the Vis to near-infrared (NIR) region, long diffusion lengths of charge carriers, excellent charge mobility, and high photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs)) [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The presence of BCP prevents Ag atoms from diffusing from the cathode to the MAPbI3 layer, thereby enhancing the operational stability of the PVSCs [42] In this present study, we measured the PV properties and storage stabilities of MAPbI3-based inverted PVSCs incorporating BCP/PMMA and BCP/PVP composites as their hole-blocking/electron-transporting interfacial layers. The architecture of our PVSCs (Figure 1) was indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/MAPbI3/PC61BM/BCP based interfacial layer/Ag. Incorporating PMMA into the BCP layer enhanced the storage stability of our PVSC, while PVP in the BCP layer facilitated electron transport at the perovskite– cathode interface. AFM images of BCP/PMMA and BCP/PVP blend films coating the surface of the ETL (PC61BM) were recorded using a Seiko SII SPA400 (Chiba, Japan) atomic force microscope operated in tapping mode. The CAs of water droplets on the BCP/PMMA and BCP/PVP films were determined using a Kyowa Drop Master optical CA meter (Applied Trentech Inc., Taipei, Taiwan)
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