Enhanced photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells using innovative bithienylnicotinonitrile-based organic dyes

Abstract

This exciting study introduces five cutting-edge bithienylnicotinonitrile-based organic dyes (coded GA-1-5) that were specifically synthesized for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes boast a D-π-A framework and were designed to manipulate spectral properties and energy levels. The researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of their optical, electrochemical, photovoltaic, geometrical, and electronic characteristics using both experimental and theoretical methods. The dyes exhibited intense UV–vis absorption with high molar extinction coefficients, making them ideal co-sensitizers for ruthenium-based DSSCs. When tested, the co-sensitized devices demonstrated significantly improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) ranging from 6.22% to 9.12%, thanks to their enhanced short-circuit photocurrents (Jsc), which surpassed those of DSSCs sensitized with N3 alone (PCE = 6.20%). Additionally, GA-1-5 compensated for the photocurrent loss caused by I−/I3 in co-sensitization, further improving the Jsc. We also carried out various spectral and electrochemical characterizations to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. These findings represent a significant advancement in the field of solar cell technology, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions.