Abstract
BackgroundTissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that attempts to restore or regenerate tissues and organs through biomimetic fabrication of scaffolds with specific functionality. In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) is considered as promising biomaterial due to its nontoxicity, high dispersity, and hydrophilic interaction, and these characteristics are key to stimulating the interactions between substrates and cells.MethodIn this study, GO substrates were fabricated via chemically immobilizing GO at 1.0 mg/ml on glass slides. Furthermore, we examined the osteogenic responses of murine mesenchymal-like stem cells, C3H10T1/2 cells, on GO substrates.ResultsC3H10T1/2 cells on GO substrates resulted in increased cell surface area, enhanced cellular adhesions, and instigated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, priming of C3H10T1/2 cells with chondrocyte-conditioned medium (CM) could further induce a synergistic effect of osteogenesis on GO substrates.ConclusionsAll of these data suggest that GO substrate along with CM is suitable for upregulating osteogenic responses of mesenchymal stem cells.
Highlights
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that attempts to restore or regenerate tissues and organs through biomimetic fabrication of scaffolds with specific functionality
C3H10T1/2 cells on graphene oxide (GO) substrates resulted in increased cell surface area, enhanced cellular adhesions, and instigated osteogenic differentiation
Priming of C3H10T1/2 cells with chondrocyte-conditioned medium (CM) could further induce a synergistic effect of osteogenesis on GO substrates. All of these data suggest that GO substrate along with CM is suitable for upregulating osteogenic responses of mesenchymal stem cells
Summary
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that attempts to restore or regenerate tissues and organs through biomimetic fabrication of scaffolds with specific functionality. Graphene oxide (GO) is considered as promising biomaterial due to its nontoxicity, high dispersity, and hydrophilic interaction, and these characteristics are key to stimulating the interactions between substrates and cells. As a key component for tissue engineering, stem cells are currently being actively utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative materials field. There have been great improvements for differentiating stem cells, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells, to induce tissue-specific differentiation. Due to its hydrophilic functional groups and pibond electrons on its surface [15], graphene oxide (GO) has been intensively researched for tissue engineering and its applications [16]. Flexibility, and one-atom-thick layer formation allow GO to be highly capable of interacting with cells, growth factors, and hydrophilic substrate
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