Enhanced optical, mechanical, photoacoustic and third-order nonlinear property of pure and crystal violet (CV) dye incorporated anthracene crystal: an efficacious material for nonlinear optical applications

Abstract

Single crystals of pure and crystal violet (CV) dye-doped anthracene single crystals have been synthesized by solvent evaporation technique utilizing chloroform as the solvent. There is a significant enhancement in optical, mechanical, photoacoustical and third-order non-linear properties have been attained due to the incorporation of dye in the host material. The unit cell parameters and crystallinity of the grown crystals were examined using single crystal and powder crystal XRD analysis. The presence of various functional groups and mode of vibrational frequencies present in the grown crystal is determined using FTIR spectra. The doped crystal exhibits high optical transparency than pure which is evident in UV–Visible spectrum. Using Knoop hardness study the Young’s modulus value of pure and doped crystal is found to be 1.154 × 1010 Nm−2 and 1.394 × 1010 Nm−2. Doping of CV dye results in the enhancement of hardness number and various hardness parameters such as brittleness index, elastic stiffness constant and fracture toughness are calculated using Vicker’s microhardness study. Photoacoustic study depicts the thermal diffusivity value for the grown crystals and it is found to be 1.2505 × 10–6 and 3.128 × 10–6 for undoped and doped crystal respectively. The real, imaginary and third-order susceptibility of the doped crystal is prominent than undoped crystal were elucidated using Z-scan study.