Abstract
Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have found many applications within both the defense and commercial sectors. With the increasing availability of small UASs, it is desired to permit them to work together with radio frequency (RF) sensors/payloads to form a coherent beam on an area of interest (AOI). In order to facilitate multi-UAS control, precise time synchronization among the UASs is essential. In this paper, a framework of enhanced two-way time transfer (TWTT) has been developed to achieve high-precision ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\sim 100$</tex> pico-seconds) time synchronization of multiple distributed RF sources located on UASs in a GPS-denied environment. The proposed Enhanced Multi-Way Time Transfer (EM-WaTT) relaxes two conditions of traditional TWTT: (i) The time at which the time-based signal is transmitted is the same for both Transmit (TX) and Receive (RX) sides, and (ii) The propagation delay of the time signal must be the same in both directions. Event-driven numerical simulations have been implemented and analyzed. Desired results have been obtained on a scenario of 10 UASs randomly located in a one-square-mile area.
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