Abstract
Future energy and environmental issues are the major driving force towards increased global utilization of biomass, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lignocellulosic residues are abundant in Pakistan. The present study investigated the best-mixed proportion of mechanically pretreated lignocellulosic residues i.e., wheat straw and rice straw (WSRS), bagasse and wheat straw (BAWS), bagasse, and rice straw (BARS), bagasse, wheat straw, and rice straw (BAWSRS) through anaerobic co-digestion. Anaerobic batch mode bioreactors comprising of lignocellulosic proportions and control bioreactors were run in parallel at mesophilic temperature (35 °C) for the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 1.5 and 2.5. Maximum and stable biomethane production was observed at the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 1.5, and the highest biomethane yield 339.0089123 NmLCH4/gVS was achieved by co-digestion of wheat straw and rice straw (WSRS) and lowest 15.74 NmLCH4/gVS from bagasse and rice straw (BARS) at 2.5 substrates to inoculum ratio. Furthermore, anaerobic reactor performance was determined by using bio-kinetic parameters i.e., production rate (Rm), lag phase (λ), and coefficient of determination (R2). The bio-kinetic parameters were evaluated by using kinetic models; first-order kinetics, Logistic function model, Modified Gompertz Model, and Transference function model. Among all kinetic models, the Logistic function model provided the best fit with experimental data followed by Modified Gompertz Model. The study suggests that a decrease in methane production was due to lower hydrolysis rate and higher lignin content of the co-digested substrates, and mechanical pretreatment leads to the breakage of complex lignocellulosic structure. The organic matter degradation evidence will be utilized by the biogas digesters developed in rural areas of Pakistan, where these agricultural residues are ample waste and need a technological solution to manage and produce renewable energy.
Highlights
Energy is a fundamental resource for all human activities, development in modern society, and sustainability
110 mL was packing volume (volume occupied by two lignocellulosic materials for reactors other than bagasse, wheat straw, and rice straw (BAWSRS), reactor which is a combination of three lignocellulosic materials) and volume of inoculum, the composition of 110
110 mL was packing volume (volume occupied by two lignocellulosic materials for reactors other than bagasse, wheat straw, and rice straw (BAWSRS), reactor which is a combination of three lignocellulosic materials) and volume of inoculum, the composition of 110 mL was different for both substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratios of 1.5 and 2.5
Summary
Saadia Meraj 1 , Rabia Liaquat 1, *, Salman Raza Naqvi 2 , Zeshan Sheikh 3 , Atoofa Zainab 1 , Asif Hussain Khoja 1 , Dagmar Juchelkova 4 and Abdulaziz Atabani 5.
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