Abstract
A piezoelectric/ferromagnetic bicantilever composite, constructed with a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 beam fixed at the middle point and NdFeB magnets attached at both free ends, has been designed and exhibited a giant magnetoelectric torque (MET) effect. The low-frequency and resonant MET effect in the bicantilever composite is more than twice as much as that in the single cantilever composite with the same components and geometry dimension. As the magnet mass increases, the MET effect first increases nearly linearly and then tends to saturate while the resonant frequency decreases. When the magnets are attached asymmetrically at the tip, the MET effect is stronger than that of the symmetric attachment. Our results will give more choices for preparing the magnetoelectric device used as an ac magnetic field sensor, energy harvester, etc.
Highlights
The ME effect in current composites originates from the existence of a strong product effect of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects, and its coupling mechanism is as follows: with the application of an ac magnetic field superimposed on the dc bias magnetic field, strain is produced in the magnetostrictive phase and transmitted to the piezoelectric phase due to interfacial elastic mechanical coupling, resulting in a polarization or voltage via piezoelectricity
Xing et al proposed a new type of ME composite consisting of a piezoelectric cantilever beam and tip magnets in which the magnetic force moment due to magnets under an applied ac magnetic field drives the piezoelectric cantilever beam to vibrate and the giant ME effect was obtained by this magneto-mechanical-electric coupling, i.e., a product effect of the magnetic torque effect and piezoelectric effect
The result in the single cantilever structure of the same geometry size is given as a comparison
Summary
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites, composed of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases, have received continuously increasing attention in the past decades due to their larger ME effect compared with that in single phase multiferroic materials and potential applications in magnetic sensors, energy harvesters, etc. The ME effect in current composites originates from the existence of a strong product effect of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects, and its coupling mechanism is as follows: with the application of an ac magnetic field superimposed on the dc bias magnetic field, strain is produced in the magnetostrictive phase and transmitted to the piezoelectric phase due to interfacial elastic mechanical coupling, resulting in a polarization or voltage via piezoelectricity. As the giant ME effect is necessary for its application, people have been working to enhance the ME effect in composites by various measures, such as improving interfacial coupling, optimizing structure design, and selecting components of excellent piezoelectric or magnetostrictive properties.. Liu et al further optimized this type of ME composite and obtained a colossal ME effect in a three-phase composite of piezofiber/elastic/magnet.. Liu et al further optimized this type of ME composite and obtained a colossal ME effect in a three-phase composite of piezofiber/elastic/magnet.13,14 They investigated the magnetoelectric torque (MET) coupling theoretically based on the equivalent circuit method and elastic mechanics method.. The dependence of the MET effect on the magnets’ position and placement symmetry at the piezoelectric beam is investigated
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