Enhanced magnetic properties of biocompatible pure, Yb, Er, Gd co-doped β-NaYF4 single hexagonal phase compound via hydrothermal synthesis

Abstract

Chemotherapy is the current ideal solution for cancer treatments. The normal tissue toxicity and complications in the detection of cancer cells triggers to develop the alternative to therapy. Over a decade, the magnetic and luminescent upconversion materials provide an approach to overcome the above traditional procedure. Here, hexagonal-shaped pure and Gd, Yb, Er doped β-NaYF4 compounds are prepared via the hydrothermal process. The effects of doping 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % dopant concentration into the host have been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns proved the hexagonal phase structure of β-NaYF4: Yb, Er, Gd. The surface morphology investigation reveals the pure and Gd doped β-NaYF4: Yb, Er forms a hexagonal plate-like structure. The photoluminescence studies show red emission at 976 nm and enhanced green emission at 795 nm excitation. The magnetic studies confirmed the paramagnetic behaviour of the samples. The viability of the prepared sample on Vero cell lines affirms the low toxicity of the sample.