Abstract
The improvement of ferromagnetic properties is critical for the practical application of multiferroic materials, to be exact, BiFeO3 (BFO). Herein, we have investigated the evolution in the structure and morphology of Ho or/and Mn-doped thin films and the related diversification in ferromagnetic behavior. BFO, Bi0.95Ho0.05FeO3 (BHFO), BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFMO) and Bi0.95Ho0.05Fe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BHFMO) thin films are synthesized via the conventional sol-gel method. Density, size and phase structure are crucial to optimize the ferromagnetic properties. Specifically, under the applied magnetic field of 10 kOe, BHFO and BFMO thin films can produce obvious magnetic properties during magnetization and, additionally, doping with Ho and Mn (BHFMO) can achieve better magnetic properties. This enhancement is attributed to the lattice distortions caused by the ionic sizes difference between the doping agent and the host, the generation of the new exchange interactions and the inhibition of the antiferromagnetic spiral modulated spin structure. This study provides key insights of understanding the tunable ferromagnetic properties of co-doped BFO.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric multiferroic materials have attracted attention owing to the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering and exhibition of potential magnetoelectric coupling between them [1,2,3]
Pristine, Ho-doped, Mn-doped and double-doped BFO thin films have been well fabricated on silicon substrates via a simple sol-gel process
XX‐-rraayy diffraction (XRD) and Raman results preliminarily show that the Mn and Ho doping at Fe and Bi sites induces the structural transition in the parent BFO structure
Summary
Magnetoelectric multiferroic materials have attracted attention owing to the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering and exhibition of potential magnetoelectric coupling between them [1,2,3]. The problem of weak coupling between the polarization and magnetism properties of BFO systems remains a challenge that has to be overcome and makes it difficult to grope for basic antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties [18]. These issues inhibit the application of BFO for the manufacture of multifunctional devices. Among all kinds of doping studies at A-site, various reports on Ho3+ ions-doped BFO can excellently enhance electrical and magnetic properties, which result from the emersion of exchange interaction between 3d electrons of Fe3+ ions and 4f electrons of Ho3+ ions and the destruction of the spin cycloidal structure [9,25]. The possible reasons for the enhancement of magnetic property have been investigated and discussed in detail
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