Abstract
Abstract. Virtual 3D city models contain digital three dimensional representations of city objects like buildings, streets or technical infrastructure. Because size and complexity of these models continuously grow, a Level of Detail (LoD) concept effectively supporting the partitioning of a complete model into alternative models of different complexity and providing metadata, addressing informational content, complexity and quality of each alternative model is indispensable. After a short overview on various LoD concepts, this paper discusses the existing LoD concept of the CityGML standard for 3D city models and identifies a number of deficits. Based on this analysis, an alternative concept is developed and illustrated with several examples. It differentiates between first, a Geometric Level of Detail (GLoD) and a Semantic Level of Detail (SLoD), and second between the interior building and its exterior shell. Finally, a possible implementation of the new concept is demonstrated by means of an UML model.
Highlights
Virtual 3D city models are used to represent single buildings, city quarters, urban districts, cities and regions
The CityGML Level of Detail (LoD) concept shows a number of deficits
The five levels LoD0 to LoD4 were primarily developed for the classification of building models, and the concept very often is illustrated by showing pictures of buildings modelled with increasing geometric and semantic complexity
Summary
Virtual 3D city models are used to represent single buildings, city quarters, urban districts, cities and regions. Semantic data models offer objects (features) with properties (attributes) and relations In this case the city model can be refined by increasing its geometrical accuracy and by the increasing semantic richness. Some application areas like emergency management (Zlatanova and Li, 2008) and indoor navigation (Becker et al 2009) require information of the building’s interior even on a city or regional level. This requires a LoD concept covering a similar range of data quality for both building’s exterior and interior, which simultaneously is flexible enough to allow for different Levels of Detail for the building’s exterior and interior. It is intended to have clearly defined mapping rules between the current and the new model
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