Enhanced inactivation of Escherichia coli through hydrogen peroxide decomposition assisted by nanoscale cupric oxide-decorated activated carbon

Abstract

In this study, nanoscale cupric oxide-decorated activated carbon (nCuO@AC) was synthesized by impregnation-calcination and employed to assist the decomposition of H2O2 for effective sterilization with Escherichia coli as target bacteria. Characteristic technologies demonstrated that copper oxide particles of 50–100 nm were uniformly distributed on AC surface. Owing to electron transfer from hydroxyl and aldehyde to CuO on AC, surface-bonded Cu(II) was partially reduced to Cu(I) in the nCuO matrix. The resultant Cu(I) expedited the decomposition of H2O2 and converted it into ·OH radicals which were identified by quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance test. Due to oxidation attack of generated ·OH, the nCuO@AC-H2O2 system achieved a much higher inactivation rate of 6.0 log within 30 min as compared to those of 2.1 and 1.3 log in the nCuO@AC and nCuO-H2O2 systems. It also exhibited excellent pH adaptability and high inactivation efficiency under neutral conditions. After four cycles, the nCuO@AC-H2O2 system could still inactivate 5.5 log bacteria, indicating excellent stability and reusability of nCuO@AC. Spent nCuO@AC could be regenerated by eluting surficial copper oxides with hydrochloric acid, and re-coating nCuO particles through impregnation-calcination with a regeneration rate of 96.6%. Our results demonstrated that nCuO@AC was an efficient and prospective catalyst to assist the decomposition of H2O2 for effective inactivation of bacteria in water.