Abstract
One of the major challenges in bone grafting is the lack of sufficient bone vascularization. A rapid and stable bone vascularization at an early stage of implantation is essential for optimal functioning of the bone graft. To address this, the ability of in situ TiO2 nanofibrous surfaces fabricated via thermal oxidation method to enhance the angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. The cellular responses of HUVECs on TiO2 nanofibrous surfaces were studied through cell adhesion, cell proliferation, capillary-like tube formation, growth factors secretion (VEGF and BFGF), and angiogenic-endogenic-associated gene (VEGF, VEGFR2, BFGF, PGF, HGF, Ang-1, VWF, PECAM-1 and ENOS) expression analysis after 2 weeks of cell seeding. Our results show that TiO2 nanofibrous surfaces significantly enhanced adhesion, proliferation, formation of capillary-like tube networks and growth factors secretion of HUVECs, as well as leading to higher expression level of all angiogenic-endogenic-associated genes, in comparison to unmodified control surfaces. These beneficial effects suggest the potential use of such surface nanostructures to be utilized as an advantageous interface for bone grafts as they can promote angiogenesis, which improves bone vascularization.
Highlights
ObjectivesThe goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential of these thermally oxidized TiO2 NFs surface structures for promoting angiogenesis
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In conjunction with the cell adhesion results obtained via Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), our results showed that the as-grown nanofibrillar structures are more beneficial in terms of promoting cell adhesion and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), than the unmodified control surfaces
Summary
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential of these thermally oxidized TiO2 NFs surface structures for promoting angiogenesis
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