Abstract
The main problem for the application of hydrogen generated via hydrolysis of metal alloys is the low hydrogen generation rate (HGR). In this paper, active Al alloys were prepared using a new coupled method-melting-mechanical crushing-mechanical ball milling method to enhance the HGR at room temperature. This method contains three steps, including the melting of Al, Ga, In, and Sn ingots with low melting alloy blocks and casting into plates, then crushing alloy plate into powders and ball milling with chloride salts such as NiCl2 and CoCl2 were added during the ball milling process. The microstructure and phase compositions of Al alloys and reaction products were investigated via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy. The low-melting-point Ga-In -Sn (GIS) phases contain a large amount of Al can act as a transmission medium for Al, which improves the diffusion of Al to Al/H2O reaction sites. Finer GIS phases after ball milling can further enhance the diffusion of Al and thus enhance the activity of Al alloy. The hydrogen generation performance through hydrolysis of water with Al at room temperature was investigated. The results show that the H2 generation performance of the Al-low-melting point alloy composite powder is significantly higher than the results reported to date. The highest H2 generation rate and H2 conversion efficiency can reach 5337 mL·min−1·g−1 for the hydrolysis of water with 1 g active alloy.
Highlights
Nowadays, economic growth remains desperately dependent on fossil fuels
The shape changes from spherical or rod-shaped (Figure 4a,e) to flake-shape afinterplanar distance in (111) of Al grain has increased by about 23.3% with the addition of ter ball milling (Figure 4b–d,f–h)
The Ni shows an absorption in NiCl2 by Al alloy occurred during ball milling with an intermediate state between edge shifting toward energy compared with NiCl2, which means the partial reducmetallic
Summary
Economic growth remains desperately dependent on fossil fuels. the non-renewability and environmental problems of fossil fuels led to the urgent demand for clean and renewable energy sources [1,2,3,4]. Zn [20,21], Mg [22,23], and Al [24,25,26], and released via hydrolysis reaction of water In this way, the real-time and on-demand production and use of hydrogen energy can be realized [27]. The realization of real-time and on-demand production of H2 long mechanical ball milling time and high cost Another way is alloying Al with other mainly depends on the HGR of Al/H2O reaction, which should meet the requirement of metals by melting [39,40,41,42,43]. The Al alloy prepared with mainly depends on the HGR of Al/H O reaction, which should meet the requirement of these methods has slow reaction rates 2and low H2 generation yield at room temperature, quick response and high H2 production rate supply.
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