Abstract
Nanomedicines are studied for application in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, especially as nanoparticles (NPs). Inorganic NPs open new alternatives based on the properties of high atomic weight elements at the nanoscale as potential theranostic tools. However, NPs are rapidly coated with serum proteins in a biological environment called the Corona effect. This effect affects NPs transport through biological medium and cellular uptake and response, having significant consequences in therapeutic efficiency. Also, NP decoration with specific ligands to recognize cell surface receptors of tumor cells, is not enough to overcome this problem. This is currently the most critical issue to overcome for in vivo application of NPs. The extraordinary 3D arrangement of atoms in the protein structure is far from the current human ability to prepare nanomaterials. Therefore, we propose to use albumin, the natural carrier of the blood, as a building block to prepare ‘stealth’ NPs with the ability to avoid non-specific interactions with the biological media. Biohybrid NPs (bioHNPs) are prepared by coating AuNPs with a multilayer of albumin by dynamic aggregation and radiation-induced crosslinking method. Experimental data of NPs/biological media interaction, measured by changes in the hydrodynamic radii, shows a substantial reduction of the Corona effect of bioHNPs under in vitro biological conditions. In addition, Bombesin-decorated bioHNPs offer an enhanced NP uptake to PC-3 cell cultures, containing specific membrane receptors for Bombesin, using near-physiological conditions. This novel preparation method of crosslinked multilayer coating and decoration can be extended to other inorganic nanoparticles to improve biocompatibility.
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