Abstract

Long-term use of a single fungicide increases the resistance risk and causes adverse effects on natural ecosystems. Controlled release formulations of dual fungicides with different modes of action can afford a new dimension for addressing the current issues. Based on adjustable aperture and superhigh surface area, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal candidates as pesticide release carriers. This study used Al3+ as the metal node and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic chain to prepare aluminum-based metal–organic framework material (NH2-Al-MIL-101) with “cauliflower-like” structure and high surface area of 2359.0 m2/g. Fungicides of azoxystrobin (AZOX) and diniconazole (Dini) were simultaneously encapsulated into NH2-Al-MIL-101 with the loading content of 6.71% and 29.72%, respectively. Dual fungicide delivery system of AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 demonstrated sustained and pH responsive release profiles. When the maximum cumulative release rate of AZOX and Dini both reached about 90%, the release time was 46 and 136 h, respectively. Furthermore, EC50 values as well as the percentage of inhibition revealed that AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 had enhanced germicidal efficacy against rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), evidenced by the synergistic ratio of 1.83. The present study demonstrates a potential application prospect in sustainable plant protection through co-delivery fungicides with MOFs as a platform.

Highlights

  • Rice is the main food in many countries, whose production is affected by biological pathogens [1,2]

  • The results showed that there was no significant difference in the loading content of both AZOX and Dini into the synthesized NH2 -Al-MIL-101 when compared with loading AZOX and Dini separately

  • The loading of AZOX and Dini into NH2 Al-MIL-101 was through physical adsorption due to the large specific surface area and pore volume

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Summary

Introduction

Rice is the main food in many countries, whose production is affected by biological pathogens [1,2]. Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG1-1A (R. solani), is one of the most damaging diseases of rice, and is only second in importance to rice blast [3,4]. It occurs in temperate and tropical production areas, and is most prominent in areas where rice is grown under conditions including planting semi-dwarf cultivars, high planting density, and high nitrogen fertilization [5,6]. A review introduced some commercially available fungicides to control rice sheath blight such as azoxystrobin, carbendazim, hexaconazole, etc. A review introduced some commercially available fungicides to control rice sheath blight such as azoxystrobin, carbendazim, hexaconazole, etc. [2]

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