Abstract
Long-term use of a single fungicide increases the resistance risk and causes adverse effects on natural ecosystems. Controlled release formulations of dual fungicides with different modes of action can afford a new dimension for addressing the current issues. Based on adjustable aperture and superhigh surface area, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal candidates as pesticide release carriers. This study used Al3+ as the metal node and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic chain to prepare aluminum-based metal–organic framework material (NH2-Al-MIL-101) with “cauliflower-like” structure and high surface area of 2359.0 m2/g. Fungicides of azoxystrobin (AZOX) and diniconazole (Dini) were simultaneously encapsulated into NH2-Al-MIL-101 with the loading content of 6.71% and 29.72%, respectively. Dual fungicide delivery system of AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 demonstrated sustained and pH responsive release profiles. When the maximum cumulative release rate of AZOX and Dini both reached about 90%, the release time was 46 and 136 h, respectively. Furthermore, EC50 values as well as the percentage of inhibition revealed that AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 had enhanced germicidal efficacy against rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), evidenced by the synergistic ratio of 1.83. The present study demonstrates a potential application prospect in sustainable plant protection through co-delivery fungicides with MOFs as a platform.
Highlights
Rice is the main food in many countries, whose production is affected by biological pathogens [1,2]
The results showed that there was no significant difference in the loading content of both AZOX and Dini into the synthesized NH2 -Al-MIL-101 when compared with loading AZOX and Dini separately
The loading of AZOX and Dini into NH2 Al-MIL-101 was through physical adsorption due to the large specific surface area and pore volume
Summary
Rice is the main food in many countries, whose production is affected by biological pathogens [1,2]. Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG1-1A (R. solani), is one of the most damaging diseases of rice, and is only second in importance to rice blast [3,4]. It occurs in temperate and tropical production areas, and is most prominent in areas where rice is grown under conditions including planting semi-dwarf cultivars, high planting density, and high nitrogen fertilization [5,6]. A review introduced some commercially available fungicides to control rice sheath blight such as azoxystrobin, carbendazim, hexaconazole, etc. A review introduced some commercially available fungicides to control rice sheath blight such as azoxystrobin, carbendazim, hexaconazole, etc. [2]
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