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Abstract
BackgroundExtractive fermentation with the removal of carboxylic acid requires low pH conditions because acids are better partitioned into the solvent phase at low pH values. However, this requirement conflicts with the optimal near-neutral pH conditions for microbial growth.ResultsCO2 pressurization was used, instead of the addition of chemicals, to decrease pH for the extraction of butyric acid, a fermentation product of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and butyl butyrate was selected as an extractant. CO2 pressurization (50 bar) improved the extraction efficiency of butyric acid from a solution at pH 6, yielding a distribution coefficient (D) 0.42. In situ removal of butyric acid during fermentation increased the production of butyric acid by up to 4.10 g/L h, an almost twofold increase over control without the use of an extraction process.ConclusionIn situ extraction of butyric acid using temporal CO2 pressurization may be applied to an integrated downstream catalytic process for upgrading butyric acid to value-added chemicals in an organic solvent.
Highlights
Extractive fermentation with the removal of carboxylic acid requires low pH conditions because acids are better partitioned into the solvent phase at low pH values
C. tyrobutyricum has been the preferred strain for butyric acid production [8, 9], and produced 55.2 g/L of butyric acid with 3.22 g/L/h of productivity using pretreated molasses [10] and 58.8 g/L with a productivity of 1.9 g/L/h using a combination of sweet sorghum stalks and beet molasses [11]
Extraction of butyrate using butyl butyrate under high pCO2 Butyl butyrate was selected from among oleyl alcohol, dodecanol, and mixtures of trioctylamine or ditridecylamine as a solvent for the extraction of butyric acid from the fermentation medium because it is not an amine-type chemical, nor a corrosive substance that can react with the catalyst downstream during the conversion of butyrate into various chemicals and fuels [30]
Summary
Extractive fermentation with the removal of carboxylic acid requires low pH conditions because acids are better partitioned into the solvent phase at low pH values. This requirement conflicts with the optimal near-neutral pH conditions for microbial growth. Butyric acid can be produced with acetic acid during the Butyric acid production with fermentation is one of the oldest and most-studied processes, and various genera have been investigated for their feasibilities of industrial application. C. tyrobutyricum has been the preferred strain for butyric acid production [8, 9], and produced 55.2 g/L of butyric acid with 3.22 g/L/h of productivity using pretreated molasses [10] and 58.8 g/L with a productivity of 1.9 g/L/h using a combination of sweet sorghum stalks and beet molasses [11]. For the industrial scale production of butyric acid, separation and recovery technology
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