Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common urogenital malignancies in the world, and there are no adequate prognostic indicators. CNTD2 is one of the atypical cyclins, which may be related to the cell cycle and even the development of cancers. Early studies have shown that CNTD2 is closely related to the occurrence and development of many malignant tumors. However, the mechanism of CNTD2 in bladder cancer has not been reported. In our research, we explored the different expressions of CNTD2 between 411 bladder cancers and 19 normal bladder tissues based on the TCGA dataset. CNTD2-related signaling pathways were identified through the GSEA. We analyzed the associations of CNTD2 expression and bladder cancer progression and survival using GSE13507. Compared with 19 cases of normal bladder tissue, CNTD2 gene expression was increased in 411 cases of bladder cancer. The high expression of CNTD2 strongly correlated with grade (P < 0.0001), T classification (P = 0.0001), N classification (P = 0.00011), M classification (P = 0.044), age (P = 0.027), and gender (P = 0.0012). Bladder cancer patients with high CNTD2 expression had shorter overall survival (P < 0.001). In the meantime, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the increased expression of CNTD2 was an independent factor for poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CNTD2 expression is closely related to bladder cancer progression, and the high expression of CNTD2 may be an adverse biomarker in bladder cancer patients.
Highlights
Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary tract malignancies in the world (Torre et al, 2015) and the fourth most common carcinoma for males (Siegel et al, 2018)
The CNTD2 gene was highly expressed in bladder cancers compared with normal bladder tissues (Figure 2)
According to the median expression of CNTD2, we separated the patients into two groups: CNTD2low (n = 83) and CNTD2high (n = 82). These results suggest that the high expression of CNTD2 is related to the poor prognosis of bladder cancer
Summary
Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary tract malignancies in the world (Torre et al, 2015) and the fourth most common carcinoma for males (Siegel et al, 2018). About 3.4 million people were affected by bladder cancer in the world, with 430,000 new cases each year since 2015 (Payton, 2013; Disease et al, 2016). Recurrence or metastasis of bladder cancer may refer to complex molecular regulatory mechanisms (Spiess et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2017). The biological characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanisms of bladder cancer have been studied extensively, and some progress has been made. The gene regulatory network of bladder cancer remains obscure (Jones et al, 2016; Yoshida et al, 2017). It is urgent to study the pathogenesis and molecular regulation of bladder cancer. The exploration of suitable new therapeutic targets is a potential direction for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease
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