Abstract
Less attention has been paid for the effects of surfactant on the hydrolysis of chitosan. This paper presents the influence of the surfactant Tween 80 addition on the chitosan hydrolysis catalyzed by cellulase enzyme. The hydrolyzed chitosan was characterized by measuring its reducing sugar content, its chemistry by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), its formation of aldehyde groups by ultraviolet - visible spectra (UV-Vis), and its crystallinity degree by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Tween-80 could increase the hydrolysis rate and decrease the crystallinity of chitosan. The formation of reducing sugar increased by increasing reaction time up to 24 hours and then leveled off. A more significant effect of surfactant was observed when the hydrolysis was performed at a low surfactant concentration and a low substrate concentration. IR spectra showed that both raw and hydrolyzed chitosan have similar chemical structure.
Highlights
IntroductionChitosan has received much attention from researchers. Chitosan is a polysaccharide which has advantageous properties such as its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and high resistance to heat
During past few decades, chitosan has received much attention from researchers
The formation of reducing sugar indicates the activity of an enzyme that cleaves glycosidic bond in chitosan polymer
Summary
Chitosan has received much attention from researchers. Chitosan is a polysaccharide which has advantageous properties such as its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and high resistance to heat. Chitosan, which is a deacetylation product of chitin, has a high molecular weight causing low solubility at neutral pH and high viscosity in aqueous solutions This property limits its broader uses, especially in the field of medicine and food industry [5]. The non-ionic surfactants have been widely used to enhance cellulose conversion as a pretreatment before hydrolysis reaction. Tween 80 (or polysorbate 80) is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier often used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals It is composed of fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan. Qing et al [24] showed that the surfactants Tween 80 could increase lignin removal during pretreatment and reduce non-productive binding of enzymes of the biomass surface on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. The effect of surfactant addition on the behavior of chitosan hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme was investigated
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