Abstract
This paper proposes a hybrid hyperthermia treatment system, utilizing two noninvasive modalities for treating brain tumors. The proposed system depends on focusing electromagnetic (EM) and ultrasound (US) energies. The EM hyperthermia subsystem enhances energy localization by incorporating a multichannel wideband setting and coherent-phased-array technique. A genetic algorithm based optimization tool is developed to enhance the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution by reducing hotspots and maximizing energy deposition at tumor regions. The treatment performance is also enhanced by augmenting an ultrasonic subsystem to allow focused energy deposition into deep tumors. The therapeutic faculty of ultrasonic energy is assessed by examining the control of mechanical alignment of transducer array elements. A time reversal (TR) approach is then investigated to address challenges in energy focus in both subsystems. Simulation results of the synergetic effect of both modalities assuming a simplified model of human head phantom demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid technique as a noninvasive tool for thermal treatment of brain tumors.
Highlights
The efficacy of hyperthermia thermal treatment depends on localizing the energy to increase the temperature of the cancerous tissue into the range 42∘C–45∘C, while preserving healthy tissues at normal levels
This therapeutic temperature is correlated to specific absorption rate (SAR), which quantifies the amount of heat accumulated in human tissue and is related to tissue characteristics and electric or pressure field intensity depending upon the number of heating sources and frequency of operation [2]
We demonstrate EM energy propagation towards the tumor region from each port under different excitation frequencies as shown in Figures 7 and 8
Summary
The efficacy of hyperthermia thermal treatment depends on localizing the energy to increase the temperature of the cancerous tissue into the range 42∘C–45∘C, while preserving healthy tissues at normal levels. This temperature elevation increases the effectiveness of conventional techniques such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy [1]. In order to achieve this therapeutic temperature, the patient is locally submitted to an electromagnetic (EM) or ultrasound (US) field This therapeutic temperature is correlated to specific absorption rate (SAR), which quantifies the amount of heat accumulated in human tissue and is related to tissue characteristics and electric or pressure field intensity depending upon the number of heating sources and frequency of operation [2]. Energy localization at the tumor site without excessively heating the surrounding healthy tissue in the head region by means of external EM and ultrasound sources is the primary subject of this paper
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