Abstract
The electrokinetic remediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with heavy metals was studied using organic acids as facilitating agents. The unenhanced electrokinetic treatment using deionized water as processing fluid did not show any significant mobilization and removal of heavy metals due to the low solubilization of metals and precipitation at high pH conditions close to the cathode. EDTA and citric acid 0.1 M were used as facilitating agents to favor the dissolution and transportation of metals. The organic acids were added to the catholyte and penetrated into the soil specimen by electromigration. EDTA formed negatively charged complexes. Citric acid formed neutral metal complexes in the soil pH conditions (pH = 2–4). Citric acid was much more effective in the dissolution and transportation out of the soil specimen of complexed metals. In order to enhance the removal of metals, the concentration of citric acid was increased up to 0.5 M, resulting in the removal of 78.7% of Cd, 78.6% of Co, 72.5% of Cu, 73.3% of Zn, 11.8% of Cr and 9.8% of Pb.
Highlights
IntroductionThe metal-contamination in the soil is of special concern because metals show special toxicity for living organisms affecting the development of microorganisms and plants, enter the food change and extend the toxicity to animals and humans [3]
Metal-contaminated soil is a serious problem, and electrokinetic remediation is a practical technology that can be used for their remediation
The success of electrokinetic remediation in removing metals depends on the experimental conditions and the selection of facilitating agents
Summary
The metal-contamination in the soil is of special concern because metals show special toxicity for living organisms affecting the development of microorganisms and plants, enter the food change and extend the toxicity to animals and humans [3]. Many studies published in literature dealt with the removal of heavy metals from soil. Research has focused on the development of high-sensitivity sensors, usually based on electrochemical technology [7,8]. These sensors can be used for the detection of heavy metal ions in various media, allowing a new way to monitoring metal-contamination in hard-to-reach locations and remote environments
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