Abstract
This study focused on the electrochemical detection of nitrobenzene (NB) using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carboxylated graphene oxide (c-GO) that contained zinc nanoparticles (ZnO@c-GO/GCE). ZnO@c-GO nanocomposite modified GCE structural studies using SEM, XRD, and XPS showed that ZnO nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into c-GO nanosheets. Through the cooperative action of c-GO nanosheets and ZnO nanoparticles, electrochemical studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry demonstrated that the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and c-GO facilitated electron transfer between the redox probe and the electrode surface. Results showed that ZnO@c-GO/GCE had a broad linear sensitivity range of 0.1091 μA/μM, a considerably low limit of detection of 0.013 μM, and a linear range of 100–3000 μM. The prepared real sample of industrial wastewater samples used in the study to determine the precision of the proposed sensor for NB determination revealed significant recovery values (over 94.50 %) and acceptable accuracy (RSD less than 4.21 %), indicating that ZnO@c-GO (2:3)/GCE can be used as a precise NB electrochemical sensor in environmental applications.
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