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Abstract
The metal-air battery is a form of renewable energy generation technology that produces energy electrochemically and can address energy concerns in the near future. However, state-of-the-art Pt electrocatalysts often suffer from agglomeration or detachment from carbon supports under prolonged operation, eventually limiting the long-term utilization of metal-air batteries. In this work, Pt nanoparticles were deposited on sulfur-doped nanocarbon to increase its stability. We first synthesized sulfur-doped (S-doped) and pristine carbon as support materials via a plasma process, and thereafter loaded platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto the S-doped and pristine carbon matrix. From a sintering test at 600 °C, the Pt nanoparticles supported on pristine carbon increased from 2.4 to 5.2 nm; meanwhile, the average size of Pt NPs supported on S-doped carbon only increased from 2.2 to 2.51 nm. From the electrochemical analyses, the mass activity of Pt on pristine and S-doped carbon supports decreased by 25% and 10%, respectively, after 1500 cycles. The results proposed that the sulfide C–S–C bond provided a strong platinum-S-doped carbon support interaction between the support materials and the loaded Pt nanoparticles. Thus, S-doped carbon supports can serve as a stabilizer of Pt nanoparticles to enhance their durability in the application of metal-air batteries and other electrochemical devices.
Highlights
Electrochemical energy storage devices, including metal-air battery and fuel cell, are considered as strong candidates in future energy network[1,2,3,4,5]
The results indicate that the sulfur atoms are doped within the carbon matrix
The Pt nanoparticles supported on pristine carbon (Pt/BZ) increased in sizes of 2.4, 3.2, and 5.2 nm after heat treatments at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively
Summary
Electrochemical energy storage devices, including metal-air battery and fuel cell, are considered as strong candidates in future energy network[1,2,3,4,5]. Various chemical bindings in sulfurized carbon materials are inevitably generated via conventional methods due to the complex treatments or heating process. In order to eliminate impurities and obtain high purities of purposed sulfur bindings, well-defined processes or additional steps like purifications, chemical or heat treatments are required. Another major drawback of post-synthesis includes the possible elimination of sulfur content in the form of hydrogen sulfide by heating at 700–800 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere[31]. An in-situ solution plasma (SP) process has been introduced as a new, simple and effective sulfur-doping method for controlling the chemical bonding state by adjusting various precursors[32,33,34,35]. The chemical stabilization of Pt/TOAS under alkaline conditions was investigated using multiple cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests
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