Abstract
Bi0.5Na0.34K0.11Li0.05Ti1-xNixO3-δ (BNKLT-xNi with x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique. The effect of x on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties were investigated. A pure perovskite phase was obtained from all samples. Coexisting tetragonal and rhombohedral phases were found in all samples and the rhombohedral phase increased with increasing x, which was detected by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XAS with the EXAFS technique. Moreover, the EXAFS technique provided the quantity of the rhombohedral phase, that increased from 38.8% to 57.0% when increasing x from 0 to 0.020. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was identified at an x content of 0.010, with the ratio of the tetragonal to rhombohedral phases being 49.5:50.5%. This composition exhibited a high dielectric constant, at Tm of 5428, a maximum strain of 0.170%, with a piezoelectric coefficient factor (d33∗) of 340 p.m./V and large ferroelectric properties (Pr of 26.1 μC/cm2 and Ec of 17.9 kV/cm). Furthermore, the saturation magnetization (Ms) at room temperature was increased by increasing x content.
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