Enhanced driving assistance: automated day and night vehicle detection system utilizing convolutional neural networks

Abstract

<p>This paper presents an enhanced real-time vehicle detection system using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for both daytime and night-time conditions. Initially, the system determines the time of capture by analyzing the upper part of input images. For daytime detection, it uses normalized cross-correlation and two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT) techniques. Night-time detection involves identifying vehicle lamps through color thresholding and connected component techniques, followed by symmetry analysis and CNN classification. The dataset for training includes images from the Caltech Cars, AOLP, KITTI Vision, and night-time vehicle detection datasets, ensuring robust performance across various lighting conditions. Experiments demonstrate the system's high accuracy, achieving 99.2% during the day and 98.27% at night, meeting real-time requirements and enhancing driving assistance systems' reliability.</p>