Abstract
We demonstrate by 3D numerical calculations that the interaction of a single quantum emitter with the electromagnetic field is both enhanced and directed by a nano-optical Yagi-Uda antenna. The single emitter is coupled in the near field to the resonant plasmon mode of the feed element, enhancing both excitation and emission rates. The angular emission of the coupled system is highly directed and determined by the antenna mode. Arbitrary control over the main direction of emission is obtained, regardless of the orientation of the emitter. The directivity is even more increased by the presence of a dielectric substrate, making such antennas a promising candidate for compact easy-to-address planar sensors.
Highlights
Metallic nano-particles support resonant plasmon modes that couple strongly to the optical radiation field
If a quantum emitter is coupled to the antenna mode, the antenna acts as a resonator mediating the interaction between the emitter and the radiation field [1, 7]
The situation is analogous to the modification of spontaneous emission by coupling to, for example, cavity [8, 9] or photonic crystal [10] modes
Summary
Metallic nano-particles support resonant plasmon modes that couple strongly to the optical radiation field. A directed beam is obtained, the prime advantage of optical antennas, the strong modification of transition rates by a near-field coupling to a resonant element, is totally forgone. Such arrangements resemble more an emitter in proximity of a grating than an emitter coupled to an antenna. By near-field coupling a single optical emitter to the feed element, both the excitation and emission rates are enhanced, while the angular emission is determined by the total antenna mode and is highly directed. We show that the directivity is further increased when placing the antenna on a dielectric substrate, as is typically the case for applications of optical antennas
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