Enhanced detection of deleterious mutations by TTGE analysis of mother and child's DNA side by side.

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders represent a group of heterogeneous diseases that are caused by mutations in mtDNA. We examined 45 pairs of mother and the affected child, by screening the entire mitochondrial genome with temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE), using 32 pairs of overlapping primers. TTGE is an effective method of mutation detection. It detects and distinguishes heteroplasmic mutations from homoplasmic mutations. By running the mother and child's DNA samples side by side and sequencing only the DNA fragments showing different TTGE patterns, excessive sequencing can be avoided, particularly because most sequence variations represent benign polymorphisms. Mutations identified by sequencing were further confirmed by PCR/ASO (allele-specific oligonucleotide) dot blot analysis or PCR/RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). A total of seven differences in sequence between mother and child pairs were identified: A189G, T5580C, G5821A, C5840T, A8326G, G12207A, and G15995A. All but two mutations were novel. The most significant are the A8326G, G12207A, and G15595A mutations. The A8326G is located at the anticodon region of tRNA(Lys), right next to the first nucleotide of the triplet codon, and it is highly conserved throughout evolution. The G12207A mutation is located at the first base of tRNA(ser) (AGY). The G15995A mutation occurs at a stem region that results in the disruption of the first base pair at the anticodon loop of tRNA(Pro) and is highly conserved throughout evolution from sea urchins to mammals. Running TTGE side by side with DNAs from mother and the affected child is a novel method to detect deleterious mutations.