Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys as bio-implants have excellent biocompatibilities and osteogenic properties after modification of chemical composition and topography via various methods. The corrosion resistance of these modified materials is of great importance for changing oral system, while few researches have reported this point. Recently, oxidative corrosion induced by cellular metabolites has been well concerned. In this study, we explored the corrosion behaviors of four common materials (commercially pure Ti, cp-Ti; Sandblasting and acid etching-modified Ti, Ti-SLA; nanowires-modified Ti, Ti-NW; and zinc-containing nanowires-modified Ti, Ti-NW-Zn) with excellent biocompatibilities and osteogenic capacities under the macrophages induced-oxidizing microenvironment. The results showed that the materials immersed into a high oxidizing environment were more vulnerable to corrode. Meanwhile, different surfaces also showed various corrosion susceptibilities under oxidizing condition. Samples embed with zinc element exhibited more excellent corrosion resistance compared with other three surfaces exposure to excessive H2O2. Besides, we found that zinc-decorated Ti surfaces inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of macrophages on its surface and induced the M2 states of macrophages to better healing and tissue reconstruction. Most importantly, zinc-decorated Ti surfaces markedly increased the expressions of antioxidant enzyme relative genes in macrophages. It improved the oxidation microenvironment around the materials and further protected their properties. In summary, our results demonstrated that Ti-NW-Zn surfaces not only provided excellent corrosion resistance properties, but also inhibited the adhesion of macrophages. These aspects were necessary for maintaining osseointegration capacity and enhancing the corrosion resistance of Ti in numerous medical applications, particularly in dentistry.
Highlights
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in bone tissue engineering applications for decades because of their satisfactory biocompatibilities and excellent mechanical properties, especially for dental applications [1,2,3]
By changing the concentration of NaOH to 10 mM according to previous studies [23], the surfaces of nanowires-modified titanium (Ti-NW) and Ti-NW-Zn samples in our study were covered with nanowire-like structures
sandblasting and acid etching-modified titanium (Ti-SLA), Ti-NW and Ti-NW-Zn samples exhibited a statistically higher Rp value than commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) surfaces after exposure to 30 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), among which Ti-NW-Zn samples showed the highest value. These results demonstrated that H 2O2 participated in breaking down the oxide layer over Ti alloys, while TiNW-Zn surfaces showed an excellent corrosion resistant to H2O2, which might be benefit from the zinc embed in their substrates
Summary
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in bone tissue engineering applications for decades because of their satisfactory biocompatibilities and excellent mechanical properties, especially for dental applications [1,2,3]. Oral environment is a changing system and dental materials are prone to corrosion due to various factors, including body fluids (blood, plasma, amino acids and proteins), electrochemical activities of the implants (cathodic or anodic) and its interaction with bacteria, biological molecules and cells [7,8,9]. All these corrosive factors could alter the corrosion behavior and stability of titanium, increase corrosion susceptibility and accelerate the destruction of passivation film on titanium surface. Few studies have compared the corrosion resistance properties of these modified titanium materials, especially in a highly oxidizing condition
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