Abstract
Colliding bodies optimization (CBO) was employed for size optimization of skeletal structures in Chap. 7. In this chapter, the enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO) is presented that utilizes memory to save some historically best solution and uses a random procedure to avoid local optima which is also applied to skeletal structures [1, 2]. The capability of the CBO and ECBO is compared through three trusses and two frame structures. The design constraints of steel frames are imposed according to the provisions of LRFD–AISC.
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