Enhanced circular photogalvanic effect in HgTe quantum wells in the heavily inverted regime

Abstract

Thanks to the strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI), HgTe-based quantum wells (QWs) exhibit very rich spin-related properties. But the full descriptions of them are beyond the simple parabolic band models and conventional Rashba and Dresselhaus SOI terms, as a result of the strong interband coupling of the narrow gap band structures. Here, we develop a theoretical method to calculate the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in Hg$_{0.3}$Cd$_{0.7}$Te/HgTe/Hg$_{0.3}$Cd$_{0.7}$Te quantum wells (HgTe QWs) based on the realistic eight-band $\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{p}$ model with density matrix formalism. Our method could take account of the unusual band structures and SOIs of HgTe QWs, therefore can be used to calculate the CPGE currents in HgTe QWs with non-parabolic, Dirac-like and inverted energy dispersions. The microscopic origin of CPGE and the interplay effect of structure inversion asymmetry (SIA) and bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) is also investigated. In addition, this method is extended to study the pure spin currents (PSCs) in HgTe QWs injected by linearly polarized light at normal incidence. Our calculation results support the following findings: (i) In the inverted phase regime, the energy dispersion of heavily inverted HgTe QWs could be strongly distorted, lead to a significant enhancement of CPGE at a certain range of energy spectrum. (ii) The interplay of SIA and BIA could lead to the CPGE currents anisotropically dependent on the azimuth angle of oblique incident light. (iii) The PSC $j_{y'}^{x'}$ ($x'\parallel[110]$ and $y'\parallel[\bar{1}10]$) produced by [110]-linearly-polarized light could change sign with HgTe QW transformed from normal phase to inverted phase. These findings might be utilized in developing the HgTe-based infrared/terahertz optoelectronic and spintronic devices.